Variety of Indonesian Dialect in Percut Sei Tuan District of North Sumatera- Indonesia

A dialect can effect how a word prounounced diffferently. This study aimed to see how local languages affect Indonesian dialects among people who are still actively using their local languages such as Javanese language, Batak mandailing language, Batak Toba language and Malay. They live in Percut Sei Tuan District of North Sumatra. The research used Qualitative approach. The Informants of the research were taken based on the research data needed. The informants were given a list of 200 vocabularies to be pronounced taken from theory of Swadesh. it was obtained with various dialects in pronouncing indonesian words, there are 161 vocabularies that pronounced diffenerently by the informants but it was still able to understand. The local languages have effects on pronouncing Indonesian word. The diffenrent pronounciation was categorized as subdialect difference. it was at the level of 37,5 (31% 50% = considered subdialect difference).


INTRODUCTION
Language as a medium of social interaction has a variety of forms, Another point of view states language is a tool to reflect thoughts, feelings, ideas, or another words, language can be said to be a system of free vocal symbols that are used by community members asa means of cooperating or relating (Agus, 2019). Each countries has different national language even within a single country has a wide variety of languages according to regional in the country, and in one language may have different dialect as characteristic of the area. The word "dialect" derived from the Greek "dialektos" which is originally used in relating to "the Greek" at that time. Dialect is a variety of different languages depending on the variation languages spoken by the linguist group in a particular place, or by certain groups of a linguist group, or by group linguist who live within a certain time (Kridalaksana, 1984). Another point of view defines that "dialectology" is the study of dialect and dialects, the dialect is a sub standard, low-status, often rustic form of language, generally associated with the peasantry, the working class, or other groups lackinginprestige (Chambers, 2004).
When it is considered in detail, the language in its form and meaning denote the differences between the disclosureof the speakers with each other. Those differences will result in a wide-variety of languages or language variations. The variations appear caused by the speaker needs for communication and social conditions, as well as particular factors that influence it, such as geography, social group, language status or formal situation and because of the time change. "Dialect" is used in situations of familiarity (with a group, person, or social class) (Stellmacher, 1980). "Dialect" therefore can demarcate boundaries and indicate what the speaker/ listener interprets as a home. The perception of space can also be the starting point for the definition of the term "home" itself, one of the terms with which a dialect can be classified. It is important to note, however, that differences in age, status, and education also bring about variation in these conceptual rather than actual notions of language variety.
The first systematic studies of the aesthetic differentiation among language varieties were carried out by Giles and others in the seventies (Giles, 1970, Trudgill & Giles, 1978. The results were surprisingly uniform, listeners invariably located received pronunciation at the top of the aesthetic hierarchy, regional accents in the middle, and urban accents at the bottom. To account for the consistently favorable evaluation of the standard variety (Giles, Bourhis, & Davies, 1975). The speakers use an implicit diasystem, which allows the passage of one variety to another and the control of diversity at the interior of a local norm, according to Rousselot'sparadox: every one speaks the same language but no one speaks it the same way. This diasystem is neglected by French dialectology, which has approached dialects witneogrammarian model in a geographist (or geomorphist) foundation in its form and content (Léonard, 1997).
It is interesting, if we associated with Indonesian language that floated as official National Language. The entire nation of Indonesia agreed to it and makes the language as the main feature of the nation's culture. The Republic of Indonesia which consists of various tribes, each tribe has its own language and dialect, when they use the national language as a means of communication median will allow them to use a different dialects that influenced by their culture, but they can understand each other. This research tended to see how local language affects the Indonesian language dialect among the people who are still actively using their local languages in daily communication.

Objective of the Study
a. To identify the varieties of Indonesian pronounciation that is effected by local languages b. To know the category of indonesian dialect in in part of North -Sumatera -Indonesia

THEORETICAL FARENWORK OF STUDY
This study drew how the indonesian words pronounced by people who are actively using their local laguanges (Javanese language, Batak mandailing language, Batak Toba language and Malay). This study used the theory of Morris Swadesh. He compiled a basic vocabulary list of 200 words that are considered universal, These vocabularies are found in all languages of the world (Keraf: 1996: 139). Swadesh basic vocabulary is basic words that are generally used by every speech community group or basic words that are generally and widely used by almost all language communities (Patriantoro,2012: 106). This vocabulary list becomes an instrument in dialectological research submitted to informants.This study analized the the variety of pronounciation of Indonesian word pronounced by some different etnic in the rsearch field (the etnic of Javanese , Batak mandailing , Batak Toba and Malay) to see the level of dilect variety used by the people as stated in the theory of Grieve (2011: 195) that dialectometry is one of the statistical methods to analyze regional language variations.

Dialect as Diversity of Language
To clarify the intent study of dialects, Grijins (1976) states dialectology is a science that seeks to provide a good variety of linguistic patterns in topic (horizontal) that include geographic variation, as well as studies in syntopic (vertical) which involves variations in somewhere. Further language into a discussion, language can be caused by factors intralinguistic (factor in the language itself) and factor extralinguistic (factors beyond language which includes geography, culture, economics, politics, social mobility, social class, the nature of public support, competition prestige migration and language contact time). The main characteristics of the dialect is the difference in unity and unity in diversity (rohaedi, 1979). Another characteristic that is: dialect local form of speech is a set of different, which have common traits and each more similarity each other than with other forms of speech and dialect of the same language does not have to take all forms of speech of a language. Kridalaksana (1970) factor contributing to the diversity of languages is the time, place, socio-cultural situation and the means of disclosure, while according to Nababan, these factors include: local, group or social circumstances, situation and level of formality, as well as different age. It seems that both these opinions have similarity in point of view about the causes of the diversity of languages who have common traits and more similar to each other than with other forms of speech and dialect of the same language does not have to take all forms of speech of a language. It seems that both these opinions have the same view about the causes of the diversity of languages. As the expalanation above that a language will have several different dialects. Goossens (1986) argued that one of the urgent tasks for dialectology was the development of a variationist dialectology. He illustrated the importance of this task by noting variathe categoirytion in areas with dialect mixture -on the one hand between dialects, on the other hand, the variation within regions that came into existence by the interaction of the standard language, the regional vernacular, and dialect. This is a complex field of inquiry, where "foreign", "own", and "appropriated" flow into each other. Rohaedi classifes the dialect variaties into three groups of categories: (1). Inthe lieteratur of Roman dialectology, this dialect is called dalecte, that dialect distinguishescaused by natural circumstances around the dialect used. Dialect was generated for their two complementary factors, namely; the factors of time and place. (2). Regiolecte regional, the languages used outside of its uses area. 3. Socialecte.That is the language variety used by a particular group, which distinguishes it from other communities.
In connection with language mapping, Lauder (1991) is technically mentioned that the mapping language starts from the formation of 'Langauge Base Map" with a simple criterion, clearly entering the geographic features that are considered likely to be the limits of language, and should set the scale and point of compass, data election based on etnict group, transfering the field data into maps with specific techniques (direct technique, symbol technique, direct plot technique, plot lines and color tehniques).This allows for the classification of neighboring regions, distances, concepts or perceptions of distancerelated to a number of dialectological questions. From this point of view, a specific function of dialects is a socio-psychological identification ofone's own territory (Greverus, 1972). The perception and definition of dialect characteristics contribute to an estimation of distance which is important in determining the subjectively-perceived home area (Greverus, 1972). We know that every language has two fundamental aspects, namely the aspect of form and meaning. The aspect of form relates to 'sound, symbol and structure of the language", while the aspects of meaning relates to the lexical, function and its grammatical.

Language as Symbol
Basically the language is a symbol for the world of meaning. The mentalist says that language is the expression of ideas, feelings and desires Bloomfield (1970). Ferdinand de Saussure further develops the elements of meaning and word through the concept and the sound image. According to hispoint of view, the term of the sound mage implies that the sound became the basis of a language is not a physical sound that can be heard it but on the resulting impression or imagination through the sound. When the man talking to himself, for instance, he still gets the impression that even without sound. by stating "tree", for example, consist of the imagination the sound of the word "tree" (signifier) and the concept of the tree (signified). The system was based on a system of symbolic language of human life. because the vocabulary of a language in addition to reflecting the ability of a society to express their life experiences in general also reflects the knowledge, outlook on life, their belief or their thinking. English vocabulary used in the language is a symbol for the meaning behind it. Because it is a word will only serve as a symbol if it is not separated from the concept of meaning. Vocabulary of any kind will not serve as a symbol for someone who does not know the meaning.

METHOD
This study is a description of the geographical dialects. The steps taken in the research are:

Informants
The informants of this study were people in sub-district Percut Sei Tuan, such as the ethnic of Javanese, Batak Mandailingnese, Malay and Batak Tobanese. These people are still using local languages to interact in the community around them.

Sources of Data
The research data got from the society to be taken as informants and other supporting data obtained from the sub-district office of Percut Sei Tuan located in the district. The research data were collected by asking the informants to pronounce a list of vocabularlies base on Swadesh Theory (200 vocabularies).

Technique for Data Collection
Research data collection was done by (1) recording techniques, (2) interviewing the informants by using the technique of in-depth interviews, in this case, the informants pronounce the words and repeat the words that are considered unclear pronunciation. (3) coding technique, (4) literature study.

The Intrument for Data Collection
The instruments for data collection were a list of vocabularies taken from Swadesh Theory , a tape recorder and notebook.

Technique for Data Analysis
This determination of dialect variety was synchronic then the data analysis form substantially similar to the determination unit lingual aspects of it. The determination of this dialectical variation used quantitative approach (dialectrometric) as follows: 100 × = S d% n Description: S = number of observations is different from other areas N = number of maps comparison D = number of vocabulary in percentage Percentage of distance between the linguistic elements of the observation area, then it is used to determine the relationship between the existing surveillance area with the following criteria. 81% to the top = considered language differences 51% -80% = considered dialect differences 31% -50% = considered subdialect difference 21% -30% = considered differences in speech below 20% = considered no difference. (Rohaedi, 1993).

Data Analysis
There were 200 vocabularies recommended in this study. The vocabularies were pronounced by the informants to know the variety of their pronounciation. After listing the data, then it was found that there were 161 words pronounced in different dialects for different areas and ethnics. Based on the calculations above, it can be stated that the difference pronunciation of Indonesian in sub-district Percut Sei Tuan of The Deli Serdang district was categorized as subdialect difference. In addition, thorough analysis of the lexicon indicating that there are two groups of sub dialect that is very prominent in the Indonesian dialect of Javanese and Malay, it is named group 1 and 3,4 dialect groups named group II (Mandailing Batak and Batak Toba ethnic). From 161 words have difference dialect, there were 86 words (it was seen from their pronunciation ) have similarity in location 1 and 2 (Javanese and Malay ethnics) and 78 words have similar pronunciation for location 3 and 4 (Batak Mandailing and Batak Toba ethnics). The calculation for each group can be done as below: Group